Most of you might be very much aware of the Tenses in English. The verbs mainly have 3 forms: present, past, and past participle. We often call them V1, V2, V3.
The verbs can be again classified into two: regular verbs and irregular verbs.
The past simple and past participle of all regular verbs end in '-ed'
For example:
Base Verb (V1): print
Past Simple (V2): printed
Past Participle(V3): printed
In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle and so end in -ed.
We pronounce -ed in 3 ways: /id/ /t/ /d/
Look at the table below to understand the pronunciation of -ed:
If the base verb ends with one of
these sounds |
Example base verb |
Example with –ed |
Pronounce the -ed |
|
Unvoiced |
/t/ |
Want |
Wanted |
/id/ |
Voiced |
/d/ |
End |
Ended |
|
/p/ |
Hope |
Hoped |
||
/f/ |
Laugh |
Laughed |
||
Unvoiced |
/s/ |
Tax |
Taxed |
/t/ |
/S/ |
Wish |
Wished |
||
/tS/ |
Match |
Matched |
||
/k/ |
Like |
Liked |
||
Voiced |
All other sounds |
Play Allow Beg |
Played Allowed Begged |
/d/ |
Exceptions:
The following adjectives ending in -ed are always pronounced with /id/:
- aged
- blessed
- crooked
- dogged
- learned
- naked
- ragged
- wicked
- wretched
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